2025/2026

1. Knowledge and Understanding: Deep understanding of genetic principles and processes, particularly in the context of agriculture and forestry, including the study of heredity, variation, and the role of genes in plant and tree development and adaptation. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: The ability to apply genetic knowledge to understand the evolution of populations and to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes. 3. Making Judgements: The capacity to evaluate genetic data and research critically, making informed decisions about genetic interventions to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes, considering both scientific and ethical implications. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying complex genetic concepts and findings, particularly as they relate to agriculture and forestry, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the public. 5. Learning Skills: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new genetic knowledge, particularly in the rapidly evolving fields of agricultural genetics and mountain environments, ensuring that one stays updated on the latest advancements and technologies

It is recommended to attend the course after completing the exams in General Biology and Basic Chemistry, although there are no mandatory prerequisites

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1. Introduction to Genetics: characteristics of living organisms, biological diversity, and evolution.
2. Introduction to Genomics: size, types of sequences, and organization of eukaryotic genomes.
3. Cell Cycle; mitosis: biological significance and phases.
4. Meiosis: biological significance and phases.
5. Heredity of Traits - discontinuous variability and Mendel's laws: dominance and recessiveness, segregation of traits in mono-hybrid and di-hybrid crosses, Punnett square, cytological and genetic bases of segregation and independent assortment; backcross or test cross; the chi-square test for comparing observed and expected segregation ratios.
6. Extensions of Mendel's Laws: incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and codominance; gene interactions (e.g., epistasis) and new phenotypes; application of the chi-square test to verify hypotheses interpreting phenotypic ratios different from Mendelian ratios.
7. Linkage and Recombination: Morgan's experiments, hypothesis, and experimental evidence for the existence of crossing-over; frequency of crossing-over and gene distance: genetic maps, three-point test, interference, and coincidence; comparison of genetic and physical maps.
8. The principles of genetics of quantitative traits

-Genetica agraria. Genetica e biotecnologie per l'agricoltura. Franco Lorenzetti, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Daniele Rosellini, Fabio Veronesi, Emidio Albertini.
ISBN: 9788855535861.

Genetica - Un approccio molecolare
Peter J. Russell, C. Cicchini, A. Marchetti
ISBN: 9788891906960

Attendance is not mandatory.

The oral exam is taken on the entire program. Three questions are posed. The final score is the average of the three scores of the respective oral questions

    Samuela PALOMBIERI